SUNDAY SHOWDOWN: LONDON Round 1 Results
Silver Age
Player 1
vs.
Player 2
Tom Ward
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Red Itärinne
Fai
Alexander Hempelmann
Kano
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alan Bainbridge
Briar
Emma Rumsey
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ernesto Silva
Enigma
Daja Todesco
Florian
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Aaron Nichols
Vynnset
Phil Mead
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Shai Edginton
Azalea
Tom Evans
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Arthur Trehet
Kano
Jonathan Knapp
Pleiades
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Zach Evans
Briar
Rob van der Burgh
Prism
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
James Earle
Zen
Pierre Canali
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Rhys Iddon
Kano
Wassim Bouzazi
Arakni, Web of Deceit
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Erik Skinstad
Fai
Daniel Curry
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Zachary Kebell
Michael de Kok
Iyslander
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Noah Clark
Enigma
Louis Guillot
Oldhim
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Rasmus Møller
Kayo
Rhyan Bromell
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Francesco Giorgio
Fai
Philip van Donselaar
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Chad Heuschober
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Patrik Koller
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lucas Sobral
Briar
Aria Loog
Azalea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Kai Martin
Azalea
Konrad Weiss
Iyslander
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Fabian Schunn
Kayo
Lucas Macorano
Gravy Bones
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
TCGTed Grabow
Viserai
Paul Crame
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jaka Burnik
Kayo
Joel Rencen
Arakni, Web of Deceit
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Florian Schmidt
Briar
Jan-Philipp Dreikorn
Arakni, Web of Deceit
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Massimo Castelli
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Krzysztof Nowek
Vynnset
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jas Tin Lim
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Víctor Sánchez Parrondo
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Paul Hyman
Ira, Crimson Haze
Lewis Miller
Oldhim
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Rafael Salsa
Briar
Marcus Archer
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Patrick Jud
Lexi
Tom Lorente
Scurv, Stowaway
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Cato DIrdal
Valda Brightaxe
Matthias Verbeeck
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Dominik Ixert
Ira, Crimson Haze
George Douglas
Kano
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Finn Baird
Fai
Jonah Overholt
Kano
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lancelot Errico
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Davide Quaglio
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Marko Martic
Dorinthea
Thomas Chevrinais
Lexi
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Bjarki már Ingólfsson
Fai
George Jones
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ernst Füllemann
Lexi
Raj Parikh
Kayo
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Harbinson
Rhinar
Quentin Neves
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Dave Margetson
Kayo, Strong-arm
Andrea Mengucci
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lisa-Marie Schulte
Enigma
Adam Cartwright
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adrian Lee
Nuu
Shelby Ward
Dash
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Tigran Grigorian
Briar
Robert Mueller
Rhinar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Tsz Shing So
Briar
Chris Willis
Dorinthea
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
George Turner
Dorinthea
Alexander Heilling
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lucas Dutailly
Briar
Daniel Folch
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Giani Gabriel Dinu
Briar
Tim Sofsky
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Andrea Migliavacca
Oldhim
Clayton Gowen
Kassai, Cintari Sellsword
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Max Escaler
Briar
Alexander Lukaschek
Lexi
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Axel Gay
Oldhim
Anton Cid Mejias
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Sarrington
Enigma
Nicholas Steele
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jacob Clements
Kano
Patrik Weber
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Daniel Potter
Bravo, Flattering Showman
João Gonçalo Silva
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Tobias Lee
Ira, Crimson Haze
Walter Heidelberger
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alexej Vollmer
Fai
THOMAS CORTICELLI
Kassai, Cintari Sellsword
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thomas Campagnoli
Briar
Kieran Waters
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Damien Bouché
Iyslander
Bogdan-Andrei Oros
Kano
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Maciej Szawica
Kayo
Stephane GANGLOFF
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Christopher Chalk
Fai
Joscha Amann
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
alessandro scarnato
Enigma
Pierre-André Joly
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Tanel Tammiste
Ira, Crimson Haze
Dayvid Kayal
Kayo
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Geoffroy Massard
Oldhim
Finlay Freir
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Spencer Baker
Oldhim
Jonas Larsen
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alfie Thomasson
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Paddy Morgan
Aurora
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ryan Jackson
Levia
Ian Porter
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
John Zapata
Iyslander
Daniel Mckinlay
Oldhim
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Peter Bråss
Briar
Matthew Brown
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
David Dyson
Briar
Simon Denning
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Etienne BARIOULET
Briar
Tom Escoffier
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Marko Antonic
Oldhim
Florian Bouteyron
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Emad Kashy
Rhinar
Jason Rolfe
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jack Mountford
Dorinthea
Gary Kelly
Riptide
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Brian Atchley
Fai
David Hopkins
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Vulpe Razvan
Oldhim
Ben Emmanuel
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Stefano Berian
Briar
Samuel Curnow
Kayo
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Kevin Sharpes
Dorinthea
Sebastian Spicher
Kano
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Georg Sossnowetz
Iyslander
Athena Vogel
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Michael Feng
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Florian Koksch
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Glenn Rosario II
Ira, Crimson Haze
Ashkan Rashid-Sanaty
Kayo
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Greg Nichols
Kayo
Jason Kelly
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thomas Neseyif-Deakin
Valda Brightaxe
Matheo Franchot
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ella Brown
Fai
Stevie Van Overtveldt
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Brandon Barefoot
Oldhim
Marc Lanigra
Viserai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jacob Trossing
Iyslander
Mário Abrantes
Oldhim
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thore Ladicke
Kayo, Strong-arm
Matthew Lovelace
Vynnset
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
David Moore
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Milan Pěkný
Enigma
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Cecil-Ember Phoenix
Nuu
Ralph Schlauri
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alan Williams
Valda Brightaxe
Hamish Chisholm Brown
Vynnset
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Andrei Joghiu
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Lorenzo Tarateta
Oldhim
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Andrew Irvine
Dorinthea
Chris Karrandjas
Riptide
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Clément Maillet
Briar
Christian Sal
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thomas Carreira
Briar
Vlad Ciobotea
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mirko Dolce
Fai
David Watt
Kano
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Guillermo Regueiro
Dorinthea
Tov Hanssen
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Aaron Heimbeck
Enigma
Nathan Hills
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Patryk Rokicki
Ira, Crimson Haze
Patrick Cohea
Azalea
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ville Teräväinen
Arakni, Web of Deceit
Jean-Philip Lohse
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Gary White
Kayo, Strong-arm
Brandon Turner
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Danny Feliz
Olympia
Sebastian Kleiner
Gravy Bones
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Matthias Fund
Marlynn
Guilherme Coutinho
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Yehor Zhukovskyi
Azalea
Denis Medjic
Florian
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jose Maria Mellado Becerra
Bravo, Flattering Showman
David Gómez
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Hove
Ira, Crimson Haze
Jeppe Madsen
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Dominic McKenzie
Tuffnut
Jared Wyce
Dash
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Sebastian Sommer
Iyslander
Laurens Overgaauw
Kayo, Strong-arm
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mohammad Rafiq
Lexi
Marnie Lamb
Kayo, Strong-arm
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Leonardo Poppa
Briar
Daniel Papež
Iyslander
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Malyk Höfle
Fai
Matthew Sarrington
Iyslander
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jack Warren
Ira, Crimson Haze
Ben Potter
Enigma
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Yassine Echafai Tripiana
Vynnset
Dan Tripp
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Christian Bach
Briar
Jaber Hye
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Dalton Harmsen
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Antonio Briola
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Cowan
Florian
Machi C
Oldhim
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mehmet Huseyin
Enigma
Noah Dreckmann
Florian
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Gabriel Ankeshian
Lexi
Tiago Paulo
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Will Melyn
Dorinthea
Oliver Kuhrt
Kayo
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Wojtek Klimczyk
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Rafał Liwerski
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lars Seebacher
Fai
René Schep
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Josh Keys
Ira, Crimson Haze
Ruben Exposito
Kano
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Kai "Käpt'n" Schmidt
Oldhim
Tibor Madaras
Rhinar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Shahmir Samee
Dorinthea
Bartosz Ziemba
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Justin Kruft
Oldhim
Robert Robinson
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thibaud ROMANI
Riptide
Samuel Parry
Oldhim
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Piotr Siewko
Kano
James Flynn
Kayo
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lukasz Ziemba
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Tim Edwards
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Kin Bong Ernie Wong
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Hugo Platret
Rhinar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
James Clark
Rhinar
Miw Valle
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Andrew Trubshaw
Kayo
Maxime Forest
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Oliver Wilson
Dorinthea
Jonathan DUMONT
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jeremy Miller
Lexi
Lorenzo Latino
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mikael Lundberg
Fai
Italo Molina
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alex Chițu
Dorinthea
Maximilian Klein
Vynnset
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Haigh
Enigma
Oliver Gehrig
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Tom Barnaby-Pass
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Cody Hodkinson
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Daniel Winning
Kano
Ryan Torbert
Olympia
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Wilhelm Baars
Viserai
Donovan van Beek
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Noah Beygelman
Kayo
Henri Laigo
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Peter Stürmer
Fai
Michael Lackner
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
YeeHo Chow
Oldhim
Eloi Meens
Lexi
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Haill
Briar
Steven O'Reilly
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Siméon Gruel
Iyslander
Pietro Gerletti
Riptide
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Srdja Stetic-Kozic
Briar
Jonas Benzarti
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Gabe Sher
Fang
Ryan McVean
Fai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Jack Green
Lyath Goldmane
Pauli Viimaranta
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Rafael Durán
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Vincent Fasquel
Azalea
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Pierre Grevet
Enigma
Alexander Ritter
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ugo Troenli
Ira, Crimson Haze
Eugene C
Rhinar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Paul Goodchild
Briar
Patryk Wasielewski
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Riccardo Bonfiglioli
Oldhim
Laura Nielsen
Lexi
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Darius Zacharakis
Vynnset
Jakub Koenner
Dorinthea
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mark Warren
Pleiades
Giacomo Aloisio
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Stefan Hilderink
Ira, Crimson Haze
Ethan Cheyney
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Bernardo Cardoso
Fai
Matthew Vaux
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Daniel Buntrock
Fai
George-Daniel Tudose
Vynnset
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Melvin Valderrey
Vynnset
Marc Bonnet
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Joonas Ervald
Lexi
James Muir
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Sebastian Christofzik
Kayo
Owen Howdon
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Alejandro López Lao
Kano
Simon MacDonald
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Björn Kaminski
Levia
Aidan Bates
Valda Brightaxe
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Theo Mussy
Briar
Peter Søndergaard Hald
Lyath Goldmane
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Giulio Monaco
Fai
Ian Zhang
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Quest Pittman
Kano
Benjamin Van donkelaar
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Louis Ades
Pleiades
Aron Trausti
Viserai
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Frazer Eastman
Kayo
Erika Forslöf
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ilya Polkovnichenko
Briar
Tyhrone Bennett
Oldhim
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Julian Flury
Oldhim
Luca Cornaggia
Dash
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Nico Stangel
Kayo, Strong-arm
Dylan Thompson
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Christopher Iaali
Rhinar
Christian Jelle
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Thomas Gaumard
Nuu
Kevin Thang
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Michael Manferdini
Kayo
Edward Catling
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Asger Thomsen Brem
Briar
Dimitrios Stergiou
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Zak Mc Gowan
Briar
Nino Chimenti
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
David Alfonso
Ira, Crimson Haze
Shaheen Khoursheed
Dromai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Declan Macewan
Iyslander
Jyry Soinio
Rhinar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Nicolas Mazeyrac
Vynnset
Bastian Henneberg
Briar
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Adam Parker
Dromai
James Goode-Hamy
Briar
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Ivan Grimaldo
Iyslander
André Kofmel
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Finlay McBay
Benji, the Piercing Wind
Myles Rightmire
Fang
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Wolfgang Mahl
Briar
Tomasz Stanicki
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Kyoshiro Takegahara
Briar
Andrei Sebastian Suciu
Kano
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Andrea Shubert
Bravo, Flattering Showman
Jorgen Fleussu
Enigma
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Mike Williams
Enigma
Bruno Cracco
Oldhim
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Austin De Young
Oldhim
KONSTANTINOS STERGIOU
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Lewis Pratt
Briar
cory macewan
Fai
◀
Player 2
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Fredrik Bill
Dorinthea
Piergiorgio Villani
Ira, Crimson Haze
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Paul van Gijssel
Martin Holík
Kano
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
Robbert Valkeneers
Enigma
Edward Bayford
Bravo, Flattering Showman
◀
Player 1
Wins! ▶
Wins! ▶
None
Please be advised that the live pairings, results and standings published here are for coverage purposes and utilize new software integrations which are still under development. The results and standings within our GEM tournament software are to be considered the final and correct results in the event there is any discrepancy with those provided for coverage purposes.